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秦岭冷杉(Abies chensiensis)为松科常绿针叶乔木,属国家濒危野生物种。本文利用获取的秦岭冷杉地理分布记录和14个气候指标、3个土壤指标和3个地形指标,通过最大熵模型(Max Ent)和Arc GIS空间分析构建秦岭冷杉潜在分布区。结果表明,影响秦岭冷杉潜在生境适宜性的主要环境指标为6个气候指标(年平均气温、年极端最高气温、1月平均气温、≥0℃积温、年干燥度指数和年日照时数)、1个土壤指标(p H)和1个地形指标(海拔)。研究区秦岭冷杉生长的最适宜区面积为19498.87 km2,适宜区面积为32219.61 km2,边缘适宜区面积为51874.76 km2,不适宜区面积为106307.97 km2,秦岭冷杉适宜生长区域狭窄,其中最适宜区和适宜区主要集中在甘肃东南部、陕西中南部、四川东北部,湖北西北部和河南西北部,适宜区内次生植被丰富、地形复杂。研究表明,基于最大熵模型与GIS空间分析构建的秦岭冷杉潜在地理分布,可以对我国秦岭冷杉适宜生长区做出科学的区划,为秦岭冷杉资源的保护和管理提供科学依据。
Abies chensiensis is a coniferous evergreen coniferous tree, belonging to the national endangered wild species. In this paper, the geographical distribution records and 14 climatic indices, 3 soil indices and 3 topographic indexes of Abies georgei were used to construct the potential distribution area of Abies georgei by Max Ent and ArcGIS. The results showed that the main environmental indexes affecting the suitable habitat of Fir (Abies chinensis) Habitat were six climate indicators (annual average temperature, annual extreme maximum temperature, January mean temperature, ≥0 ℃ accumulated temperature, annual dryness index and annual sunshine hours) 1 soil index (p H) and 1 topographic index (elevation). In the study area, the most suitable area for the growth of Abies chensiensis is 19498.87 km2, the suitable area is 32219.61 km2, the edge suitable area is 51874.76 km2, the unsuitable area is 106307.97 km2, and the suitable growth area for Qinling fir is narrow, of which the most suitable area is suitable The areas are mainly located in southeastern Gansu, central-southern Shaanxi, northeastern Sichuan, northwestern Hubei and northwestern Henan, with abundant secondary vegetation and complex topography. The research shows that based on the maximum entropy model and GIS spatial analysis, the potential geographical distribution of Abies faxoniana can make a scientific zoning for the suitable growth area of Fir in China and provide a scientific basis for the protection and management of Fir resources in Qinling Mountains.