在过去五年多的改革过程中,苏联国内的投机倒把,黑市外汇交易、地下工厂生产以及非法劳务活动的规模成倍增长。有人把这种经济称为“第二经济”或“地下经济”,但多数经济学家则把它叫作“影子经济”。苏联国家计委经济研究所把影子经济主要理解为“没有列入统计报表的商品生产和向居民提供的有偿劳务”。有的经济学家则补充说,“影子经济是指人们在生产、分配和占有产 Over the past five years and more, the scale of speculation in the Soviet Union, the foreign exchange transactions in the black market, the production of underground factories and the illegal labor service activities have doubled in size. Some people call this economy “second economy” or “underground economy”, but most economists call it “the shadow economy.” The Soviet Union’s State Development Planning Commission Economic Research Institute mainly interprets the shadow economy as “the production of goods not included in the statistical reports and the paid services provided to the residents.” Some economists added that "the shadow economy refers to the people in the production, distribution and possession