当今人们所亲眼目睹的环境恶化,主要是由于两类人,即10亿最富有的人和10亿最贫困的人造成的。——纳菲斯·萨德克财富和贫困是每个时代不可避免的话题,它微观上涉及个体分配的公平性,宏观上关系到社会的持续稳定。而历任经济学家们都在寻找一条通往富裕的道路。从18世纪亚当·斯密在《国富论》中提出“看不见的手”到20世纪凯恩斯在《就业、利息与货币通论》中提出“有效需求理论”;从以凯恩斯为代表的凯恩斯主义到以乔治·吉尔德为代表的供给学派,每一次经济理论的发展都为实现经济的进 The environmental deterioration witnessed by people today is mainly caused by two groups of people, the billiona rich and the poorest one billion. - Nafis Sadik Wealth and poverty are the inevitable topics of each era. They involve the fairness of individual distribution microscopically and are macroscopically related to the sustained and stable society. All previous economists are looking for a way to prosperity. From the 18th century, Adam Smith put forward “Invisible Hand” in “The Wealth of Nations” to the “effective demand theory” put forward by Keynes in the “General Theory of Employment, Interest and Currency” in the 20th century. From Keynes Keynesianism to the supply school represented by George Gilder, each economic theory is to achieve economic progress