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疼痛是大脑编码和处理伤害性刺激,避免潜在的或实际的组织损伤的一种保护功能.人体内传导伤害性信息的神经纤维主要有Aδ和C纤维.伤害性信息经过这两类纤维的传导和大脑结构的多重加工,最终产生人体的一次快疼痛和二次慢疼痛.较强烈的激光辐射热脉冲可选择性激活皮肤浅表层中的伤害性游离神经末梢,诱发脑电(electroencephalography,EEG)活动的变化,即激光诱发电位(laser-evoked potentials,LEPs).至今,研究者共挖掘出Aδ-LEPs的6个稳定成分,即时域上的Aδ-N1,Aδ-N2,Aδ-P2,Aδ-P4波,时频域上神经振荡节律成分alpha频段的事件相关去同步化(event-related desynchronization,α-ERD)和gamma频段的事件相关同步化(event-related synchronization,γ-ERS).与此同时,研究者优化了C-LEPs提取的实验范式和参数,获得了2个稳定成分,即时域上的C-N2,C-P2波.本文详述了LEPs相关的神经电生理特征及其认知功能.LEPs既能帮助我们探究伤害性感觉输入的外周和中枢加工机制,在疼痛临床研究中有重要价值,也能为某些基础研究(如老龄化问题和社会认知等)提供新的手段.
Pain is a protective function that the brain encodes and deals with noxious stimuli and avoids potential or actual tissue damage.Nervous fibers that carry harmful information in the body are primarily Aδ and C. Nociceptive information is transmitted through both types of fibers And multiple processes of the brain structure, eventually resulting in a fast and a second pain in the human body.Highly intense thermal pulses of laser radiation selectively activate nociceptive free nerve endings in the superficial layers of the skin and induce electroencephalography (EEG) (LEPs) .There are six stable components of Aδ-LEPs excavated in the time domain, namely Aδ-N1, Aδ-N2, Aδ-P2 and Aδ -P4 wave, event-related desynchronization (alpha-ERD) of the alpha frequency band of the oscillatory rhythmic component in the time-frequency domain and event-related synchronization (gamma-ERS) in the gamma band. At the same time, the researchers optimized the experimental paradigm and parameters of C-LEPs extraction and obtained two stable components, C-N2 and C-P2 waves in the time domain.In this paper, the neuroelectrophysiological characteristics related to LEPs and their Cognitive function s can not only help us to explore the peripheral and central processing mechanism of nociceptive input, but also provide valuable clinical research in pain. It can also provide new methods for some basic research, such as aging problems and social cognition.