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选取中国对虾“黄海1号”、“即抗98”2个养殖群体,朝鲜半岛南海群体、乳山湾群体、青岛沿岸群体及海州湾群体4个自然群体,采用不平衡巢式交配设计方案,于2005年建立了中国对虾育种的基础群体。设计并建立了中国对虾的多性状复合育种技术,选育的目标性状为生长速度、白斑综合征病毒(white spot syndrome virus,WSSV)感染后的存活时间及养殖存活率。结果显示,养殖170 d收获体质量的遗传力为0.22,抗WSSV存活时间的遗传力为0.14,存活率的遗传力为0.03。采用BLUP法估算个体育种值,通过百分比加权的形式,分别赋予生长速度、抗WSSV存活时间和存活率的加权值为80%、15%和5%,并对性状育种值进行标准化,获得综合选择指数;按照每个家系及个体的综合选择指数大小进行家系间及家系内留种,并根据系谱信息,设计交配方案,将每代的近交系数控制在1%以内。选育4代后的统计结果表明,平均每代的遗传进展为生长速度,13.56%;抗病力,6.76%;存活率,5.05%。3个性状中,收获体质量的遗传力最高、加权最大,每代获得的遗传进展稳定在12%以上;抗WSSV存活时间与存活率遗传力较低,每代获得的遗传进展相对小且不稳定。实验培育的新品种“黄海2号”于2009年通过全国水产原良种委员会审定,可在适合中国对虾的养殖区进行推广养殖。
Four natural populations including shrimp, “Yellow Sea 1”, “” anti-98 “, 4 South China Sea groups, Rushan Bay group, Qingdao coastal group and Haizhou Bay group were selected. Mating design program, established in 2005, the basic group of shrimp breeding in China. The multi-trait composite breeding technology of Chinese shrimp was designed and established. The target traits of growth were the growth rate, the survival time and the survival rate after white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection. The results showed that the heritability of harvested body weight for 170 d was 0.22, the heritability of survival for WSSV was 0.14, and the heritability of survival rate was 0.03. The BLUP method was used to estimate the individual breeding values, and the growth rate, the survival time and the survival rate of WSSV were respectively weighted at 80%, 15% and 5% by the percentage weighted form, and the breeding values of the traits were normalized to obtain the comprehensive Select the index; According to the comprehensive selection index of each family and individual, the inter-family and inter-family subsistence species, and based on pedigree information, design the mating program to control the inbreeding coefficient of each generation within 1%. The statistical results after 4 generations of breeding showed that the average genetic progress of each generation was growth rate, 13.56%; disease resistance, 6.76%; survival rate, 5.05%. Among the three traits, the heritability of the harvested body weight was the highest with the highest weight, and the genetic progress obtained by each generation was stable at 12%. The heritability of surviving time and survival rate of WSSV was relatively low, the genetic progress of each generation was relatively small and not stable. The experimentally cultivated new variety ”Huanghai No.2" was approved by the National Aquatic Primary Breeding Committee in 2009 and can be popularized in the culture area suitable for Chinese shrimp.