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对某工程机械制造车间电焊烟尘的职业暴露情况进行职业卫生学现场调查,检测工作场所空气中电焊烟尘浓度以及通风设施的风速,对电焊烟尘职业暴露进行危害程度分级。结果显示,8名焊接操作工的TWA平均为6.2 mg/m~3,8个焊接工位的超限倍数平均为2.5,均超过职业接触限值的要求。各工位设置的吸风口平均风速为2.56 m/s,每个吸风口距离焊接工位控制点的平均距离为4.6 m,各焊接工位控制点的平均风速为0.23 m/s。评定7个焊接工位为Ⅰ级(轻度危害作业)。该制造车间通风设施的除尘效果较差是造成工作场所空气中电焊烟尘浓度超标的主要原因。应通过改造通风除尘设施,加强个人防护以及职业卫生管理等防护措施,降低电焊烟尘的职业暴露水平。
Conduct on-site occupational hygiene surveys on occupational exposure to welding fumes from a construction machinery manufacturing workshop to test the concentration of welding fumes and dust in the air in the workplace and the wind speed of ventilation facilities to classify the hazards posed by occupational exposure to welding dust and smoke. The results showed that the average TWA of 8 welding operators was 6.2 mg / m ~ 3, and the average over-limit times of 8 welding stations were 2.5, all exceeding the requirements of occupational exposure limits. The average wind speed of the suction outlets set at each station is 2.56 m / s. The average distance between each suction opening and the control station at the welding station is 4.6 m and the average wind speed at the control points at each welding station is 0.23 m / s. Assessment of 7 welding stations for the level Ⅰ (mild hazardous operations). The poor dust removal efficiency of the ventilation of the manufacturing plant is the main reason that the concentration of welding dust in the air in the workplace exceeds the standard. Should be through the renovation of ventilation and dust removal facilities, strengthen personal protection and occupational health management and other protective measures to reduce the occupational exposure to welding fumes.