目的 :探讨艾滋病与儿科疾病的发病关系及发病规律 ,以便指导诊断与治疗。方法 :对中非某地区 182例小儿艾滋病及其合并症的诊治过程 ,进行了回顾性分析。 结果 :小儿艾滋病合并症的最高年龄段为 6个月～ 4岁 ,合并呼吸系统疾病 15 6例 ,贫血 71例 ,腹泻、营养不良 6 6例。合并 2种以上疾病者 118例。临床治愈率为 89.6 % ,病死率为 10 .4% ,复发率为 5 9.4%。结论 :小儿艾滋病以母婴传播为主 ,常合并多种疾病 ,尤以肺炎、结核、贫血及腹泻为多发。早期诊断且给予合理的综合治疗 ,疗效尚好 ,但易复发 ,复发与病死率有关。 Objective: To explore the relationship between AIDS and pediatric diseases and the pathogenesis, in order to guide the diagnosis and treatment. Methods: A retrospective analysis was made on the diagnosis and treatment of 182 cases of AIDS and its complications in a certain area of ​​Central Africa. Results: The highest age group of children with AIDS complications was 6 months to 4 years. There were 156 cases of respiratory diseases, 71 cases of anemia, and 6 cases of diarrhea and malnutrition. 118 cases combined two or more diseases. The clinical cure rate was 89.6%, the mortality rate was 10.4% and the recurrence rate was 5 9.4%. Conclusion: HIV / AIDS in infants is mainly transmitted by mother and child, often accompanied by various diseases, especially pneumonia, tuberculosis, anemia and diarrhea. Early diagnosis and give a reasonable comprehensive treatment, the effect is good, but easy to relapse, recurrence and mortality.