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发酵床养殖技术是基于控制畜禽粪便排放与污染而发展起来的一种新型养殖技术。通过对不同养殖场发酵床废弃垫料理化性质进行测定,判断其是否能够直接作为有机肥料施用到土壤中。结果表明,废弃垫料中富含有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾等营养元素。其中有机质43.19%~53.95%,全氮2.28%~2.66%,全磷(P2O5)2.36%~2.70%,全钾(K2O)2.80%~3.62%,均符合国家有机肥料农业行业标准(NY 525—2012)。但废弃垫料中p H值为8.03~8.93,EC为3 679~4 310μS/cm,大肠杆菌数量在48.00×104~52.00×104cfu/g之间,沙门氏菌数量在18.33×102~38.33×102cfu/g之间,种子发芽率指数为15.88%~31.52%。在废弃垫料资源化利用方面,发酵床废弃垫料虽具有有机肥料的基本性质,但是其p H值偏碱性,盐分含量偏高,存在使我国北方土壤碱化、土壤盐渍化风险;大肠杆菌严重超标,具有生物安全隐患;种子发芽率指数低,说明废弃垫料中存在抑制种子萌发的毒素。因此施用前必须对养殖发酵床废弃垫料进行无害化处理。
Fermentation bed farming technology is a new type of culture technology developed based on the control of manure discharge and pollution. The physical and chemical properties of the discarded litter in the fermentation bed of different farms were determined to determine whether they could be applied directly to the soil as an organic fertilizer. The results show that the waste litter is rich in organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium and other nutrients. The content of organic matter was from 43.19% to 53.95%, from 2.28% to 2.66% for total nitrogen, from 2.36% to 2.70% for total phosphorus (P2O5) and from 2.80% to 3.62% for total potassium (K2O) 2012). However, the value of p H in the waste litter was 8.03-8.93, the EC was 3 679-4 310 μS / cm, the number of E. coli was 48.00 × 104-52.00 × 104 cfu / g, the number of Salmonella was 18.33 × 102-38.33 × 102 cfu / g, the seed germination rate index was 15.88% ~ 31.52%. However, the p H value is more alkaline and the salt content is higher, so there is the risk of soil alkalization and soil salinization in the northern part of our country. Escherichia coli seriously exceed the standard, with biosafety hazards; seed germination rate index is low, indicating the presence of waste litter detoxification of seed germination. Therefore, it is necessary to treat the discarded litter in the fermentation bed before decontamination.