论文部分内容阅读
RNA沉寂 (RNAsilencing)是一种新发现的、在RNA水平发挥作用的基因调控机制 ,以序列特异性方式降解病毒、转基因的RNA或内源性mRNA ,发生于真核生物 ,包括在植物细胞中描述的转录后基因沉寂、真菌中的压制现象和动物细胞中的RNA干扰。RNA沉寂发挥作用的一般机制是由dsRNA启动 ,经Dicer酶处理成2 1～ 2 5nt的小片段siRNA ,作为向导序列与核糖核酸酶构成RNA诱导的沉寂复合体 ,降解与dsRNA同源的RNA序列 ,防御外来核酸序列的入侵和调节细胞内基因的表达。作为一种古老的病毒防御机制 ,可通过沉寂同源的病毒基因或沉寂与病毒复制有关的宿主细胞基因 ,在病毒感染的不同时期抑制病毒的复制。RNA沉寂的应用非常广泛 ,在某种意义上 ,RNA沉寂将会产生一场新的生物学革命。
RNA silencing is a newly discovered gene regulatory mechanism that acts at the level of RNA that degrades viruses, transgenic RNAs or endogenous mRNAs in a sequence-specific manner and occurs in eukaryotes, including in plant cells Described post-transcriptional gene silencing, suppression in fungi and RNA interference in animal cells. The general mechanism of RNA silencing is initiated by dsRNA and treated with Dicer to a small fragment of 21 ~ 25 nt, which acts as a guide RNA-induced silent complex with ribonuclease to degrade the RNA sequence homologous to dsRNA , Defense against invading foreign nucleic acid sequences and regulation of intracellular gene expression. As an ancient virus defense mechanism, virus replication can be inhibited at different stages of virus infection by silencing homologous viral genes or silencing the host cell genes involved in virus replication. The application of RNA silencing is very broad, in a sense, RNA silence will lead to a new biological revolution.