在社会主义市场经济体制下,国有商业企业在国有性质不变的前提下,将经营主体由原来国家委托的企业法人代理国家经营转到由民间经营(俗称“国有民营”),这是商业改革的大势所趋,也是商业企业转换经营机制的客观需要。浙江省象山县国有商业企业近年来在“四放开”改革基础上,顺应改革发展趋势,先后用不同模式,在不同深度上推行了“国有民营”的改革。 为正确分析这一经营机制对发展国有商业的作用,并寻求进一步的深化和完善,笔者最近对我县有关国有商业企业进行多方调查、座谈,就我县国有商业企业推行“国有民营”的状况、收效和问题、对策提出如下探讨意见: 一、“国有民营”的态势和模式 我县国有商业系统15家县属企业中,纯商业占7家、饮服业占2家、商业厂3家、代管的省属企业(医药、石油)3家。从实行“国有民营”的广度上看:已在整个企业内或大多数门点里实行的有5家,占33.3％,在部分柜组门店实行的有6家,占40％,基本上仍是国营的4家,占26.7％。从行业类别上分:竞争激烈,经营困难的饮服、糖酒菜、食品行业实行“国有民营”的为多、为早;百货、五交化等行业停留在小、偏、微、亏的门店和柜组范围内;而原来经营状况较好,带有半专营性质的医药、石油等行业相对缓慢。截至1993年9月底,全系统按职工? Under the socialist market economic system, state-owned commercial enterprises, under the premise of being unchanged in the state-owned nature, transfer the business entities from the state-assigned corporate legal person to state-run business (commonly known as “state-owned private enterprises”), which is business reform. The trend of the general trend is also an objective need for commercial enterprises to change their operating mechanisms. In recent years, the state-owned commercial enterprises in Xiangshan County of Zhejiang Province have adapted to the reform and development trend on the basis of the “four release” reforms, and successively adopted different models and introduced reforms of “state-owned private ownership” at different depths. In order to correctly analyze the role of this operating mechanism in the development of state-owned commerce, and seek further intensification and improvement, the author recently conducted a multi-party investigation and discussion on state-owned commercial enterprises in my county, and promoted the state-owned private enterprises in my county. , effectiveness, problems, and countermeasures propose the following observations: I. Situation and Pattern of “State-owned Private Enterprises” Among the 15 county-owned enterprises in the county-owned commercial system in the county, 7 are pure commerce, 2 are Beverage Services, and 3 are commercial plants. There are three provincial-level companies (medicine and petroleum) that are escrowed. Judging from the breadth of implementing “state-owned private enterprises”, there are five (33.3%) companies that have been implemented within or across most of the enterprises, and 6 companies (40%) have been implemented in some cabinet group stores. It is the state-run 4, accounting for 26.7%. From the industry category: competitive, difficult to operate Beverage, sugar, food and drink, the food industry to implement the “state-owned private” as much, as early as possible; department stores, five exchanges and other industries to stay in small, partial, micro, deficit Within the range of stores and counters, the original business conditions are relatively good, and the semi-specialized pharmaceutical and petroleum industries are relatively slow. As of the end of September 1993, the whole system was based on employees?