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目的谷氨酸是一种重要的兴奋性神经递质,通过体内的谷氨酸受体参与神经系统多种功能的调节。谷氨酸受体有促离子型受体和促代谢型受体两种类型。不同类型的受体以各自独特的方式产生不同的生理效应,并与其他调节物质相互影响。食物中大量的谷氨酸或其相似物可通过谷氨酸受体对心脏产生兴奋性毒性作用。本文就谷氨酸受体的类型、作用机制、功能和在心脏中的分布及其法医学意义做一综述。
Purpose Glutamate is an important excitatory neurotransmitter involved in the regulation of multiple functions of the nervous system through glutamate receptors in the body. There are two types of glutamate receptors, which are ionotropic receptors and metabotropic receptors. Different types of receptors produce different physiological effects in their own unique way and interact with other regulatory substances. Large amounts of glutamic acid or its analogues in foods can exert excitotoxic effects on the heart through glutamate receptors. This article reviews the types of glutamate receptors, their mechanism of action, their function and their distribution in the heart and their forensic implications.