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青年卢卡奇《历史与阶级意识》的针对性非常明确 ,批判性论说直指第二国际的经济决定论。在当时的西方 ,工人运动的领导人和左派理论家最关心的问题是欧洲无产阶级现实革命的可能性 (阶级意识 )。但在第二国际的理论家那里 ,马克思主义变成了实证主义式的对外部对象的反映 ,辩证法被打扮成旁观的科学 ,畸变为单向性地还原外部世界的联系和规律的理论。而在青年卢卡奇看来 ,辩证法不是对一般事实“不偏不倚”的科学认识 ,不是规律与范畴的逻辑排列 ,而是对社会现实 (主客体关系 )的批判。作为马克思主义哲学旗帜的历史唯物主义只能是革命的批判的学说。于是 ,马克思的理论意向首先不是求真 ,而是至善。
The orientation of “history and class consciousness” of young Lukacs is very clear, and the critical argument refers to the second international economic determinism. In the West at the time, the issue of greatest concern to the leaders of the workers’ movement and the left theorists was the possibility (class consciousness) of the real revolution in the proletariat in Europe. But in the case of the second international theorists, Marxism has become a positivist reflection of external objects, dialectics disguised as spectatorial science, and distortion as a theory that unilaterally restores the connections and laws of the external world. In the opinion of young Lukacs, dialectics is not a scientific understanding of the general fact of “impartiality,” not a logical arrangement of laws and categories, but a critique of social reality (the relationship between subject and object). The historical materialism that is the banner of Marxist philosophy can only be the critical theory of revolution. Thus, Marx’s theoretical intention, first of all, is not truth-seeking, but perfection.