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用不完全双列杂交法组配成35个组合,对玉米的生育期等11个性状与籽粒产量的遗传相关和通径进行了研究。结果表明,株高等7个性状与籽粒产量呈极显著正相关,生育期为显著正相关,穗位高和穗粗为正相关,但差异不显著,穗行数为显著负相关。通径分析结果表明:果穗结实长度等7个性状与籽粒产量的直接通径系数为正值,而千粒重等4个性状的直接通径系数为负值。在玉米高产育种中,要重视选择果穗结实长、籽粒行数多、果穗长和出籽率高的类型,适当注意穗位高等3个性状的选择,对千粒重等4个性状的选择可适当放宽。同时,也要注意到各性状间的相关性,把杂交种的各农艺性状协调到最佳程度。
Incomplete diallel cross hybridization was used to make 35 combinations to study the genetic correlation and path of 11 traits such as the growth period of maize and grain yield. The results showed that there were extremely significant positive correlations between the 7 traits of plant height and grain yield, and significant positive correlations with grain yield at the growth stage. The correlation between the ear height and ear diameter was positive, but the difference was insignificant and the number of ear rows was significantly negatively correlated. Path analysis showed that the direct path coefficient of 7 traits such as ear length and grain yield was positive while the direct path coefficient of 4 traits such as 1000-grain weight was negative. In the high-yielding maize breeding, we should pay attention to the choice of the type of ear length, number of rows, ear length and seedling rate, pay due attention to the selection of three traits of ear height, the appropriate choice of four traits such as 1000-grain weight . At the same time, we should also pay attention to the correlation between the traits and coordinate the agronomic traits of the hybrids to the best degree.