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本文讨论动词前“一”的两种用法:1)非结句的“胡琴儿一响,该他唱啦”;2)结句的“我打开门,见是他,不由得一愣”。前者的“一”是完成体(perfect)用法,不仅表示事件的紧促发生,还表示该事件预示着达到某种结果或状态,即具有现时相关性,在语篇中主要表示背景性动作。后者的“一”是完整体(perfective)用法,仅表事件紧促发生,在语篇中表示前景性动作。前者见于《孟子》《庄子》,后者见于《金瓶梅》,二者之间的语法化联系与类型学中完成体发展为完整体的路径是一致的。“一”作为完成体标记的词汇源头具有类型学的特殊性。
This article discusses the verb before the “one” of the two uses: 1) non-sentence “erhu child a ring, which he sing friends ”; 2) sentence of the sentence “I opened the door, see him, can not help but Surprised a moment ”. The former’s use of “perfect” is not only indicative of the immediate occurrence of an event, but also indicates that the event indicates the attainment of a certain result or state, that is, has the current relevance, and the text mainly indicates the background action. The latter’s “one” is a perfective usage, only the events of the table occur urgently, and the foreground actions are expressed in the discourse. The former is found in “Mencius” and “Zhuangzi” and the latter in “Jin Ping Mei”. The grammatical relations between the two are consistent with the complete path of the body development in typology. “One ” as the source of the vocabulary of the complete body mark has the particularity of typology.