目的 :了解小儿细菌性腹泻的主要病原菌及不同药物的治疗效果,用以指导临床上合理用药。方法 :对2014年12月~2015年12月在我院儿科就医的细菌感染性腹泻的240例小儿大便标本进行病原学检验,并分别应用头孢曲松钠和氨苄青霉素对患儿分组进行治疗,观察疗效。结果 :(1)小儿细菌性腹泻好发于夏、秋季节,粪检病原菌阳性率37.50%,主要病原菌为志贺菌、大肠埃希菌和克雷伯菌,病原菌检出率在不同年龄组间差异有统计学意义;(2)应用头孢曲松钠治疗的总有效率为96.67%,优于氨苄青霉素(86.67%),两组疗效的比较差异有统计学意义,典型临床症状改善的时间均为头孢曲松钠组少于氨苄青霉素组。结论 :用药前进行细菌分离鉴定,有助于对症用药,应用头孢曲松钠治疗小儿细菌性腹泻疗效可观。 Objective: To understand the main bacterial pathogens in children with bacterial diarrhea and the therapeutic effect of different drugs to guide clinical rational use of drugs. Methods: A total of 240 pediatric stool samples of bacterial infectious diarrhea admitted to pediatric department from December 2014 to December 2015 in our hospital were etiologically tested. The patients were treated with ceftriaxone and ampicillin respectively, Observe the effect. Results: (1) The bacterial diarrhea in children occurred in summer and autumn. The positive rate of stool pathogen was 37.50%. The main pathogenic bacteria were Shigella, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella. The detection rate of pathogenic bacteria in different age groups (2) The total effective rate of ceftriaxone treatment was 96.67%, which was better than that of ampicillin (86.67%), the difference between the two groups was statistically significant, the time of typical clinical symptoms improvement Ceftriaxone group was less than ampicillin group. Conclusion: The bacterial isolation and identification before treatment is helpful for the symptomatic treatment. Ceftriaxone sodium is effective in treating children with bacterial diarrhea.