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答:物質从液態變到固態,物質的結晶过程,必然放出一些能量,引起內能的减少。伴随着內能的减少,物質內部質點的分佈,往往有更高的空间利用率,亦即物質質點堆積得更緊密,体積收縮,密度增大。伹这种“往往如此”的現象,却有若干例外的情形,例如水變成冰,不是体積收縮,而是膨脹,它的密度从1克/厘米~3减小為0.92克/厘米~3。印刷中鑄造的活字,从液体凝結為固体,也發生体積膨脹。重複指出:物質从液態變為固態,必然發生內能减少的變化。通常物質內能包含質點相
A: The material from the liquid to the solid state, the material crystallization process, inevitably release some energy, causing the reduction of internal energy. With the reduction of internal energy, the distribution of internal particles in the material tends to have higher space utilization, that is, the material particles accumulate more closely, the volume shrinks and the density increases. There are a few exceptions to this “often” phenomenon. For example, when water turns ice, it expands instead of contracting in volume and its density decreases from 1 g / cm3 to 0.92 g / cm3. Printing in the movable type, condensed from liquid to solid, volume expansion also took place. Repeatedly pointed out: the material from the liquid into a solid, inevitable changes in internal energy will inevitably occur. Usually the material can contain the particle phase