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一、历史回顾 英国国家卫生服务(NHS)建立于1948年,是一个在中等和固定预算范围内提供广泛卫生保健的公共基金系统。1991年在马格丽特·撒切尔首相的领导下,由政府对其进行了改革。此举意在控制费用、保证质量,同时借助于市场的特点使资源的分配更加有效。这些改革在卫生保健方面建立了内部市场,在市场中提供者被允许进行一定的竞争,卫生保健筹资购买者和竞争的公立及私人提供者之间签订合同。国家卫生服务医院被给予更大的自主权,现称委托医院(Trusts)。另外,初级保健的提供者也允许他们成立不同的组织,并在一
I. Historical Review The National Health Service (NHS) was established in 1948 and is a public fund system that provides a wide range of health care within a medium and fixed budget. In 1991, under the leadership of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, the government reformed it. This move is intended to control costs, ensure quality, and at the same time make use of the characteristics of the market to make the allocation of resources more effective. These reforms have created an internal market for health care, in which providers are allowed to compete in a certain way, and health care financing buyers sign contracts with competing public and private providers. The National Health Service Hospital is given greater autonomy and is now called Trusts. In addition, primary care providers also allow them to set up different organizations and