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Objective:To determine the distribution ofDuffy blood group genotypes inBalouch population as a major ethnic group that living in a sub-tropical area in southEast ofIran.Methods:In this study, theDuffy blood groupFY phenotypes were determined using indirect anti-globulin technique and also genotype byPCR-RFLP in160 vivax malaria patients and160 control individuals.Results:The results showed that the most commonDuffy genotype wasFYA/FYB (46.6%) followed byFYA/FYA(15.3%),FYA/FYO(14.4%),FYB/FYO(11.9%),FYB/FYB(10%) and FYO/FYO(1.9%).In case individuals, frequency ofFYA,FYB andFYO alleles were0.471,0.431 and0.097, respectively compaired to0.444,0.353 and0.203, respectively in control(non-infected) group.Conclusions:This data provide evidence that individuals with theFYA/FYB genotype have higher susceptibility to malaria and there are significant associations betweenDuffy blood group variants and susceptibility or resistance to vivax malaria.