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[上下文语境线索法（context）]
同学们在做词义猜测题时，经常会遇到有些猜测词义的题目解题的依据在本段无法找到，要在上一自然段或下一自然段中才能找到。此类题目需要根据上下文语境选择恰当答案。我们可以根据文中的定义猜生词，或利用上下文给出的同义词或反义词进行判断。
例1 （2016·全国卷丙卷）Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see， and often taste， a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets， it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence， such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesn’t taste of anything special， it’s still worth a try， as is the knobbly（多疙瘩的） Cat’s Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.
There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette， but you’ll need a warm， sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it， so it’s a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.
10. What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean？
A. A practical idea. B. A vain hope.
C. A brilliant plan. D. A selfish desire.
解析 B。根据But ... to grow it，说明Orleans Rainette这个品种对生长条件要求很高，产量自然很少，大部分的苹果爱好者吃不到，所以是“空想”。
[根据逻辑关系判断（logical connection）]
在解答词义猜测题时，我们还可以根据文中画线词与前后内容的逻辑关系，如因果关系、转折对比关系等来判断题目的答案。我们要特别注意表示逻辑关系的信号词和短语，也可以借助画线词前后的标点符号，如分号、破折号、引号等，确定前后之间的逻辑关系。
例2 （2015·浙江卷） In addition to being more in touch with the food she’s eating， another joy comes from passing this knowledge and this desire for good food to her children： “Influencing them and telling them your opinion on not only being careful what we eat but understanding the bigger picture，” she said， “that if we don’t take care of the earth， no one will.”
58. What is the “the bigger picture” （Para.6） that Loe wishes her children to understand？
A. The knowledge about good food.
B. The way to live a grow-our-own life.
C. The joy of getting in touch with foods.
D. The responsibility to protect our earth.
解析 D。后文中引号内的内容that if we don’t take care of the earth， no one will. 便是对画线词语的解释，意思是关注地球，保护地球是我们的责任。
[上下文的指代关系（reference）]
阅读的时候我们可以根据上下文的指代关系进行选择。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事。
例3 （2016·全国卷丙卷）Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine. By the time the group got up to leave， it was pouring outside. Welty’s new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab. Heading back downtown toward her hotel， her big-city friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi. “My friends said：‘Now we believe your stories，’” Welty added. “And I said： ‘Now you know. These are the people that make me write them.’”
6. The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty’s .
A. readers B. parties C. friends D. stories
解析 D。画线的them指代前面提到的人或物，根据Now we believe your stories可知，them指代的是Welty的小说里的故事，听了Welty和两个陌生人的关密西西比的谈话后，Welty的朋友相信其小说里的故事都是来源于生活的。
例4 （2016·全国卷甲卷） Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. Book Crossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place， hoping that the book will have an adventure， traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.
10. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to？
A. The book. B. An adventure.
C. A public place. D. The identification number.
解析 A。代词指代题。根据本句... hoping that the book will have an adventure， traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it那些留下书的人希望自己的书能够随着找到它的人走得更远。可知其中的it指代前半句提到的同一事物the book。
[构词法（word-formation）]
我们还可以利用词根或相关构词法知识，如转换、派生与合成等构词法规则猜测单词或短语的意思。
例5 （2015·陕西卷D篇）Parents who help their children with homework may actually be bringing down their school grades. Other forms of parental involvement， including volunteering at school and observing a child’s class， also fail to help， according to the most recent study on the topic.
58. The underlined expression “parental involvement” in Paragraph 1 probably means .
A. parents’ expectation on children’s health
B. parents’ participation in children’s education
C. parents’ control over children’s life
D. parents’ plan for children’s future
解析 B。本题考查词义猜测。根据画线部分前面的help their children with homework和后面的including volunteering at school and observing a child’s class可知，画线部分的意思应为“父母参与到孩子的教育中”。而parental involvement这一短语本身则是由parental（父母的）和involvement（参与）两词得来。
[常识（common sense）]
最后，同学们还可以根据结合日常生活中的常识和相关的英美文化背景知识，充分想象，合理发挥，将画线部分的真实含义推断出来。
例6 （2016·浙江卷）And so our paying plan unfolded. My mother bought the beautiful basket and put it safely in some hiding place I couldn’t find. Each week I eagerly counted my growing saving increased by extra work here and there （washing the car， helping my mother make dinner， delivering or collecting things on my bike that already looked naked without the basket in front）. And then， weeks later， I counted， re-counted and jumped for joy. Oh， happy day！ I made it！ I finally had the exact amount we’d agreed upon ...
58. By using “naked” （Paragraph 12）， the author seems to stress that the basket was .
A. something she could afford
B. something important to her
C. something impossible to get
D. something she could do without
解析 B。根据第十二段的句子washing the car，helping my mother make dinner， delivering or collecting things on my bike that already looked naked without the basket in front可知作者觉得没有这个篮子，自行车看起来光秃秃的。使用naked这个词，说明这个篮子对她来说是重要的、不可或缺的东西。
同学们在做词义猜测题时，经常会遇到有些猜测词义的题目解题的依据在本段无法找到，要在上一自然段或下一自然段中才能找到。此类题目需要根据上下文语境选择恰当答案。我们可以根据文中的定义猜生词，或利用上下文给出的同义词或反义词进行判断。
例1 （2016·全国卷丙卷）Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see， and often taste， a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets， it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence， such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesn’t taste of anything special， it’s still worth a try， as is the knobbly（多疙瘩的） Cat’s Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.
There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette， but you’ll need a warm， sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it， so it’s a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.
10. What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean？
A. A practical idea. B. A vain hope.
C. A brilliant plan. D. A selfish desire.
解析 B。根据But ... to grow it，说明Orleans Rainette这个品种对生长条件要求很高，产量自然很少，大部分的苹果爱好者吃不到，所以是“空想”。
[根据逻辑关系判断（logical connection）]
在解答词义猜测题时，我们还可以根据文中画线词与前后内容的逻辑关系，如因果关系、转折对比关系等来判断题目的答案。我们要特别注意表示逻辑关系的信号词和短语，也可以借助画线词前后的标点符号，如分号、破折号、引号等，确定前后之间的逻辑关系。
例2 （2015·浙江卷） In addition to being more in touch with the food she’s eating， another joy comes from passing this knowledge and this desire for good food to her children： “Influencing them and telling them your opinion on not only being careful what we eat but understanding the bigger picture，” she said， “that if we don’t take care of the earth， no one will.”
58. What is the “the bigger picture” （Para.6） that Loe wishes her children to understand？
A. The knowledge about good food.
B. The way to live a grow-our-own life.
C. The joy of getting in touch with foods.
D. The responsibility to protect our earth.
解析 D。后文中引号内的内容that if we don’t take care of the earth， no one will. 便是对画线词语的解释，意思是关注地球，保护地球是我们的责任。
[上下文的指代关系（reference）]
阅读的时候我们可以根据上下文的指代关系进行选择。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事。
例3 （2016·全国卷丙卷）Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine. By the time the group got up to leave， it was pouring outside. Welty’s new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab. Heading back downtown toward her hotel， her big-city friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi. “My friends said：‘Now we believe your stories，’” Welty added. “And I said： ‘Now you know. These are the people that make me write them.’”
6. The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty’s .
A. readers B. parties C. friends D. stories
解析 D。画线的them指代前面提到的人或物，根据Now we believe your stories可知，them指代的是Welty的小说里的故事，听了Welty和两个陌生人的关密西西比的谈话后，Welty的朋友相信其小说里的故事都是来源于生活的。
例4 （2016·全国卷甲卷） Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. Book Crossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place， hoping that the book will have an adventure， traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.
10. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to？
A. The book. B. An adventure.
C. A public place. D. The identification number.
解析 A。代词指代题。根据本句... hoping that the book will have an adventure， traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it那些留下书的人希望自己的书能够随着找到它的人走得更远。可知其中的it指代前半句提到的同一事物the book。
[构词法（word-formation）]
我们还可以利用词根或相关构词法知识，如转换、派生与合成等构词法规则猜测单词或短语的意思。
例5 （2015·陕西卷D篇）Parents who help their children with homework may actually be bringing down their school grades. Other forms of parental involvement， including volunteering at school and observing a child’s class， also fail to help， according to the most recent study on the topic.
58. The underlined expression “parental involvement” in Paragraph 1 probably means .
A. parents’ expectation on children’s health
B. parents’ participation in children’s education
C. parents’ control over children’s life
D. parents’ plan for children’s future
解析 B。本题考查词义猜测。根据画线部分前面的help their children with homework和后面的including volunteering at school and observing a child’s class可知，画线部分的意思应为“父母参与到孩子的教育中”。而parental involvement这一短语本身则是由parental（父母的）和involvement（参与）两词得来。
[常识（common sense）]
最后，同学们还可以根据结合日常生活中的常识和相关的英美文化背景知识，充分想象，合理发挥，将画线部分的真实含义推断出来。
例6 （2016·浙江卷）And so our paying plan unfolded. My mother bought the beautiful basket and put it safely in some hiding place I couldn’t find. Each week I eagerly counted my growing saving increased by extra work here and there （washing the car， helping my mother make dinner， delivering or collecting things on my bike that already looked naked without the basket in front）. And then， weeks later， I counted， re-counted and jumped for joy. Oh， happy day！ I made it！ I finally had the exact amount we’d agreed upon ...
58. By using “naked” （Paragraph 12）， the author seems to stress that the basket was .
A. something she could afford
B. something important to her
C. something impossible to get
D. something she could do without
解析 B。根据第十二段的句子washing the car，helping my mother make dinner， delivering or collecting things on my bike that already looked naked without the basket in front可知作者觉得没有这个篮子，自行车看起来光秃秃的。使用naked这个词，说明这个篮子对她来说是重要的、不可或缺的东西。