论文部分内容阅读
坡面片蚀强度具有沿程空间变化性,阐明坡面不同坡位的片蚀过程对于完善坡面土壤侵蚀理论具有重要意义。采用组合小区模拟降雨试验方法对黄土坡面下坡位片蚀过程进行了研究,结果表明:(1)坡面下坡位片蚀特征与坡面上坡位及全坡面片蚀特征存在差异,下坡位片蚀规律性较差;(2)坡面下坡位片蚀随降雨过程、雨强和坡度的变化均呈现波动性,总体上随降雨过程先增大后稳定,随雨强及坡度的增大而增大;(3)坡面下坡位片蚀随雨强和坡度的变化可用二元线性方程描述,雨强的影响远大于坡度;(4)坡面上坡位汇流和下坡位产流及上坡位输沙对下坡位片蚀的影响可用二元线性方程描述,其中前者贡献率为56.9%,后者贡献率为25.4%,水的作用显著大于沙的作用。采取增加坡面入渗、减少径流的水保措施可有效防治坡面下坡位片蚀。
The slope erosion intensity has spatial variability along the slope. It is of great significance to clarify the erosional process of slope slope on different slope positions to improve the slope soil erosion theory. The results show that: (1) There is a difference between the erosional characteristics of the downhill slope and the ecliptic and the entire slope of the slope (2) In the downhill slope, the sheet erosion showed fluctuation along with the rainfall course, the rainfall intensity and the slope degree, and the fluctuation firstly increased and then stabilized with the rainfall course, and with the rainfall intensity (3) The variation of slope erosion at downhill slopes with rainfall intensity and slope can be described by the binary linear equation, and the influence of rainfall intensity is far greater than the slope gradient. (4) And the effect of downhill runoff and plateau sediment transport on downhill erosion can be described by the binary linear equation, in which the former contributes 56.9% and the latter contributes 25.4%, and the effect of water is significantly greater than that of sand effect. Soil and water conservation measures to increase slope infiltration and reduce runoff can effectively prevent plate erosion at downhill slopes.