近十年来,人们对鼻腔给药的可能性十分关注。已证明许多分子包括某些中度高分子量的高极性药物通过鼻腔途径给药是很有效的。鼻粘膜下扩张的毛细血管网络似可使药物容易全身吸收,因此如果药物与吸收促进剂合用,吸收将加快,同时生物利用度常较高。鼻内给药途径对未来开发肽类制剂和其他必须经非肠道给药的药物可能有很大的潜在性,其优点是给药方便、病人易接受。本文对在药物和疫苗的鼻腔给药研究中所使用的动物模型加以综述,并说明不同动物种属之间在解剖学和生理学上的差异。一、解剖生理学研究 In the past decade, people are very concerned about the possibility of nasal administration. It has proven very effective that many molecules, including some moderately high molecular weight, highly polar drugs, are administered via the nasal route. Nasal submucosal dilatation of the capillary network seems to make the drug easily absorbed through the body, so if the drug is combined with an absorption enhancer, absorption will be accelerated and bioavailability often high. Nasal routes of administration may have great potential for the future development of peptide formulations and other drugs that must be administered parenterally, with the advantage of ease of administration and patient acceptance. This article reviews animal models used in nasal administration of drugs and vaccines and describes the anatomical and physiological differences among different animal species. First, anatomical and physiological studies