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[目的]探讨铅作业工人健康教育模式,制定一套铅危害防治的健康教育处方。[方法]将109名铅作业工人按其尿铅值分为接铅正常组、观察对象组和慢性轻度铅中毒组,采用自行设计的调查表对其进行职业健康教育及对个人卫生行为进行干预,并对干预前后的血铅、尿铅值进行评价。[结果]干预1年后,工人对铅危害基本知识的掌握程度提高,有效防护意识明显增强,各工种尿铅检出率由干预前的65.14℅下降到40.37℅(χ2=218,P﹤0.001),干预后的血铅尿铅值显著下降,差异有统计学意义(t=6.45,5.64,17.71;13.67,21.80,19.03,P﹤0.001)。[结论]职业健康教育及行为干预对提高铅作业工人自我防护意识,减少铅危害的发生有着十分重要的意义。
[Objective] To explore the health education mode of lead workers and formulate a series of health education prescriptions for prevention and control of lead hazards. [Methods] A total of 109 lead workers were divided into lead normal group, observation group and chronic mild lead poisoning group according to their urine lead values. Occupational health education and personal hygiene were conducted according to self-designed questionnaire. Intervention, and intervention before and after the blood lead, urine lead evaluation. [Results] After one year of intervention, the mastery degree of workers on the basic knowledge of lead hazard increased and the awareness of effective protection significantly increased. The detection rate of urine lead in each kind of work dropped from 65.14 干 before intervention to 40.37 ℅ (χ2 = 218, P <0.001) ), Lead levels in blood lead and urine lead significantly decreased after intervention (t = 6.45,5.64,17.71; 13.67,21.80,19.03, P <0.001). [Conclusion] Occupational health education and behavioral intervention are of great importance to improve the awareness of lead workers in self-protection and reduce the occurrence of lead hazards.