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本文考察“属、付嘱、嘱付、分付、交代”等嘱咐类动词的产生过程,这些动词在不同时代从表示物理行为演变为表示言语行为。汉语史上反复出现的这种词义演变是导管隐喻、重新分析和诱导推理在相应的句法、语用条件下共同作用所致。本文以嘱咐类动词的产生为例,讨论了以下两个问题:1)为什么不少词义演变从起点和终点看是隐喻,演变过程中却看不到隐喻作用?2)同在隐喻作用下,为什么有的词义演变得以实现,甚至跨越范畴产生新词,有的却不能?
This article examines the production process of the class verbs such as “being, paying, paying, paying, giving” and so on. These verbs evolve from representing physical behaviors to expressing verbal acts in different ages. The recurrence of semantic meaning in Chinese history is caused by the co-action of the catheter metaphor, reanalysis and inference reasoning under the corresponding syntactic and pragmatic conditions. This article takes the production of the quasi-verbs as an example, and discusses the following two questions: 1) Why do many lexical evolutions look from the starting point and the end point as metaphors, but can not see the metaphor in the evolution? 2) Why do some of the lexical evolution to achieve, or even generate new words across the category, some can not?