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目的探寻灭活脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)疫苗(IPV)纳入国家免疫规划初期吉林省脊灰疫苗免疫程序中首剂脊灰减毒活疫苗(OPV)向IPV转换工作的影响因素。方法采取普查的方法对IPV接种率较低的12县(市、区)143家接种门诊426名预防接种工作人员进行问卷调查,采用描述性方法分析脊灰疫苗转换工作的影响因素。结果在392名有效调查对象中,97.96%了解IPV/OPV免疫程序,96.68%了解接种方式,63.01%认为IPV接种增添工作量,47.90%认为IPV接种操作有难度;不同年龄、工作年限、单位类别的调查对象对IPV接种工作量、接种操作难度的看法均有显著性差异。调查对象认为疫苗转换工作的主要问题包括担忧IPV接种不良反应、家长对IPV接种方式不接受、增加工作负担。结论担忧不良反应、工作量增加、接种操作难度是影响首剂OPV向IPV转换工作的主要因素,需要加强预防接种人员的相关培训。
Objective To investigate the factors affecting the conversion of live poliomyelitis (poliovirus) vaccine (IPV) into IPV during the first immunization of poliomyelitis vaccine in Jilin province during the initial phase of national immunization program. Methods A total of 426 immunization workers in 143 inoculation clinics in 12 counties (cities, districts) with low IPV vaccination rate were surveyed by questionnaire. Descriptive methods were used to analyze the influential factors of polio vaccine conversion. Results Among the 392 valid respondents, 97.96% knew the IPV / OPV immunization program, 96.68% knew the inoculation method, 63.01% thought the IPV vaccination increased workload, 47.90% thought the IPV vaccination operation was difficult. The patients of different ages, working years, unit categories Of the respondents had significant differences on the workload of IPV vaccination and the difficulty of vaccination. The survey found that the main problems in the vaccine conversion work include concerns about the adverse effects of IPV vaccination, parents do not accept the IPV vaccination method, and increase the work load. Conclusions Concerned about adverse reactions, increased workload, difficulty of inoculation operation is the main factor affecting the conversion of the first dose of OPV to IPV, and the relevant training of vaccination personnel needs to be strengthened.