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一、緒言棉花黄萎病是危害我國棉花生產的重要病害之一,分佈範圍很廣。幾年來在老棉區如:關中、晉南、冀東、遼陽等地黄萎病還在繼續擴展。據1956年關中棉區估計陝西經惠渠灌溉區,棉田發病率一般在30%左右,嚴重地區發病逹90%,估計平均減產20%,同時黄萎病也已在新疆新棉區發生,因此為着保證棉花生產,必須積極防治黄萎病。1955年植物保護會議决定棉花黄萎病的研究課题是鑑定病原,明確傅染途徑及寄主範圍,找出防治方法和抗病品種。我們感到棉花抗黄萎病品種的鑑定是尋找和培育抗病品種的基礎。必須組織各地試驗場所的力量,在統一計劃下,進行鑑定才能事半功倍。這個意見得到農業部棉產處,中央農業科學院等備處和各合作單位的支持,使棉花抗黄萎病品種的鑑定試驗得在遼陽、唐山、臨汾、涇陽等四個試驗站、華北科學研究所和北京農業大學(與中國科學院應用真菌學研究所合作)等六個地點同時進行,以期通過田間之試驗,比較各品種在不同地區抗病性的强弱,以了解各地黄萎病菌的差異,為選育抗病豈產品種而打下基礎。
I. INTRODUCTION Cotton Verticillium wilt is one of the most important diseases that endanger the production of cotton in our country and has a wide distribution. Over the past few years in the old cotton area such as: Guanzhong, Jinnan, Jidong, Liaoyang and other places Vertigo is still continuing to expand. According to the estimates of the Guanzhong cotton area in 1956 in the irrigation area of Huiqu in Shaanxi Province, the incidence of cotton fields is generally around 30%, the incidence of serious diseases is 90%, and the average yield is estimated to be reduced by 20%. Verticillium wilt has also occurred in Xinjiang New Cotton Zone In order to ensure cotton production, we must actively prevent and treat verticillium wilt. 1955 Plant Protection Conference decided that the topic of research on cotton verticillium wilt is to identify the pathogen, clear the way of Fu and host the scope of the host to find out the control methods and resistant varieties. We feel that the identification of cotton varieties resistant to Verticillium wilt is the basis for finding and cultivating resistant varieties. We must organize the strength of the test sites around, in a unified plan, the identification can be more effective. This opinion was supported by Cotton Resources Department of the Ministry of Agriculture, Central Academy of Agricultural Sciences and other backup offices and various cooperation units so that cotton varieties resistant to Verticillium wilt were identified at four pilot stations in Liaoyang, Tangshan, Linfen and Jingyang, North China Scientific Research Institute of Applied Mycology and Beijing Agricultural University (in cooperation with the Institute of Applied Mycology) and other six sites at the same time, with a view to field trials to compare the strength of various varieties in different regions of the disease resistance in order to understand the differences between Verticillium , Laying the foundation for the breeding of disease-resistant varieties.