明末方以智的《通雅》被认为是一部杰出的声韵训诂著作,卷四十九《谚原》由方音推求了149个“俚里常言”之原。笔者经过穷尽分析,发现《谚原》存在字形讹误、注音讹误、训诂讹误、引用讹误、词条杂糅、释义举证无关、立目有误、义项相混共8类纰漏。这与方氏所称的“每驳定前人,必不敢以无证妄说”甚不相符,与四库馆臣之“考据精核”的评价亦相距甚远。 In the Ming dynasty, Yizhi’s “Tongya” was considered as an outstanding phonetic transcription. Volume 49 “Proverb” deduced the original 149 words of “Sliver” from the dialect. After exhaustive analysis, the author discovers there are 8 types of mistakes in “proverb” such as glyph corruption, phonetic corrupting errors, exegesis corrupting errors, reference corruption, entry hybridization and interpretation of evidence. This is not in line with what Fang claimed to have said “every refuted predecessor would not dare to argue without evidence”, and also falls far short of the evaluation of “examination of fine nuclei” by the four-chamber pavilion minister.