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AIM: To investigate the potential anti- Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori) and anti-inflammation in vivo effects of two lactobacillus strains from human stomach.METHODS: Forty H. pylori infected Balb/c mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: proton pump inhibitor and antibiotics triple treated group, Lactobacillus fermenti ( L. fermenti) treated group, Lactobacillus acidophilus treated group and normal saline control group. Ten uninfected mice were also included as blank control group. The infection of H. pylori was detected by rapid urease tests, Giemsa staining and bacterial culture. The colonization of H. pylori was assessed in bacterial density score and gastric inflammation was assessed in histological score. The colonization of L. fermenti was performed by fluorescent probe.RESULTS: Histopathologic evaluation showed signifi-cant release of mucosal inflammation in gastric antrum and gastric body in lactobacillus treated groups and triple treated group. H. pylori eradication rate in both lactobacillus treated groups and triple treated group were higher than normal saline control group.Lactobacillus treated groups and triple treated group showed significant decrease of H. pylori bacterial density.CONCLUSION: Both lactobacillus strains have a significant anti- H. pylori activity; L. fermenti displays more efficient antagonistic activity in vivo against H. pylori infection.