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基于唐家山堰塞坝坝料级配曲线,针对梯形、三角形和复式断面3种泄流槽断面型式,开展了堰塞坝漫顶溢流离心模型试验研究。分析不同除险断面型式对堰塞坝的泄流过程、总泄流量以及泄流后残留坝体几何尺寸的影响规律,并从水动力学的角度,对该泄流过程中泄流槽不同部位的水流特征进行了研究。试验结果表明,复式断面泄流槽不仅在初期泄流效率高、峰值流量小,而且残留坝体较低,总下泄水量最大,流量过程曲线具有“矮胖型”的特征,可迅速、最大程度的降低堰塞湖水位,同时能够有效的减轻因堰塞坝泄流给下游河道造成的防洪压力,是一种相对安全、高效的堰塞坝除险处置方法。
Based on the grading curve of dam material in Tangjiashan dam, the centrifuge model test of overloading overflow dam was carried out for the three types of discharge channel sections of trapezoid, triangle and multi-section. The influence of different section types on the discharge process, the total discharge and the geometrical dimensions of the residual dam after the discharge were analyzed. From the hydrodynamic point of view, different parts of the discharge channel The characteristics of water flow were studied. The experimental results show that the discharge section of the multi-section section not only has high discharge efficiency at the initial stage, but also has a small peak flow rate, and the residual dams are low and the total discharge amount is the maximum. The curve of the flow rate has the characteristics of “plump type” It can reduce the dammed lake water level to the greatest extent and at the same time can effectively reduce the flood control pressure caused by the discharge of the dam dam to the downstream river. It is a relatively safe and efficient method for eliminating damming dam.