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Müller细胞是脊椎动物视网膜中最重要的胶质细胞,它贯穿视网膜全层,与视网膜三级神经元共同构成致密的“神经-胶质”网。近年来,随着对Müller细胞功能研究的深入,逐渐发现它在视网膜神经元的发育、营养、代谢中均发挥着重要作用。它诱导神经元在发育中的迁移、分化,参与神经元能量供应,并通过控制视网膜神经元的微环境和释放神经活性物质而主动调制神经元活动,此外,还以谷氨酸代谢和神经营养因子的分泌等形式保护神经元免受各种病理损害。
Müller cells are the most important glial cells in the vertebrate retina. They penetrate the entire retina and together with the tertiary retinal neurons constitute a dense “neuro-glial” network. In recent years, with the further study of Müller cell function, it gradually found that it plays an important role in the development, nutrition and metabolism of retinal neurons. It induces the migration and differentiation of neurons during development, participates in the energy supply of neurons and actively modulates neuronal activity by controlling the microenvironment of retinal neurons and releasing neuroactive substances. In addition, glutamate metabolism and neurotrophic Factor secretion and other forms of protection of neurons from a variety of pathological damage.