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【目的】研究土壤深松对糯玉米生长表现及土壤理化性质的影响。【方法】采用土壤深松进行春季播前整地并通过定点取样测定了土壤容重、田间持水量、土壤养分、生长期土壤含水量和土壤松紧度,调查分析了玉米关键生育期生长表现(农艺性状、叶绿素含量、根系和鲜穗产量)。【结果】土壤深松对糯玉米的生长发育及土壤理化性质影响明显。与传统土壤翻耕整地相比,深松配合拔节期、孕穗期追施氮肥时,玉米株高、穗位高、鲜穗产量和根系鲜重最大,分别为192.8 cm、130.8 cm、18816.35 kg/hm2和275.7 g,较传统耕作追肥处理高3.9%、2.5%、12.8%和35.9%,土壤保水性和土壤疏松度提高20.4%和86.0~178.0 PSI,土壤容重降低10.0%~22.5%。【结论】本研究结果为进一步推进土壤深松技术在新疆北部地区玉米种植应用方面奠定了基础,对玉米优质高产栽培具有重要意义。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of soil subsoiling on the growth performance and the physico-chemical properties of waxy corn. 【Method】 Soil subsoil was used for sowing and sowing in spring before sowing. Soil bulk density, field water holding capacity, soil nutrient content, soil moisture content during growing season and soil tightness were determined by site-specific sampling. Growth performance (agronomic traits , Chlorophyll content, root system and fresh ear yield). 【Result】 Soil subsoiling had a significant effect on the growth and development of waxy maize and soil physical and chemical properties. Compared with traditional soil tillage and sowing, the plant height, ear height, fresh ear yield and root fresh weight of maize were the highest at 192.8 cm, 130.8 cm and 18816.35 kg / hm2 and 275.7 g, respectively, which were 3.9%, 2.5%, 12.8% and 35.9% higher than that of the traditional tillage top dressing treatments. Soil water retention and soil porosity were increased by 20.4% and 86.0 ~ 178.0 PSI, respectively, while soil bulk density was reduced by 10.0% -22.5%. 【Conclusion】 The results of this study have laid a foundation for further application of soil subsoiling technology in maize planting in the northern region of Xinjiang, and are of great significance for high-yielding and high-yielding maize.