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[目的]探讨社会经济地位(SES)与因病缺勤的关联。[方法]采用分层整群抽样,在北京、厦门、泉州和呼和浩特四城市的5类工作场所中抽取3 553人进行问卷调查。分性别计算集中指数来评价健康公平性;采用多因素logistic回归分析SES与因病缺勤的关联,并探讨工作状况和生活方式能否解释该关联。[结果]根据不同文化程度和职业阶层职工的高缺勤率计算的集中指数,男性分别为-0.151、-0.134;女性分别为-0.068、-0.069。调整社会人口学、工作状况和生活方式因素后,与高文化程度相比,中等及低文化程度职工高缺勤的OR及其95%CI值分别为1.41(1.06~1.88)、1.91(1.47~2.48);与高职业阶层(行政管理人员)相比,低职业阶层(蓝领)职工高缺勤的OR及其95%CI值为1.40(1.06~1.84)。[结论]不同SES的职工存在健康不公平性,男性健康不公平程度大于女性。工作状况和生活方式因素不能充分解释SES对因病缺勤的影响。
[Objective] To explore the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and absence from work due to illness. [Methods] By stratified cluster sampling, 3 553 people were selected from 5 types of workplaces in Beijing, Xiamen, Quanzhou and Hohhot four cities for questionnaire survey. The index of concentration was calculated by gender to evaluate the health fairness. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the association between SES and absence due to illness, and whether the working condition and life style could explain the association. [Results] According to the concentration index of high absenteeism rate among workers in different educational levels and occupational classes, the scores of males were -0.151 and -0.134, respectively. The females were -0.068 and -0.069 respectively. After adjusting for social demography, working conditions and lifestyle factors, the OR and 95% CI values of high and low absenteeism workers were 1.41 (1.06-1.88) and 1.91 (1.47-2.48 ); Compared with the high-level occupations (administrative staff), the OR of the low-occupational level (blue-collar workers) with absent attendance and its 95% CI was 1.40 (1.06-1.84). [Conclusion] The employees of different SES have health unfairness, and the degree of male health unfairness is greater than that of women. Work conditions and lifestyle factors do not adequately explain the impact of SES on absence from work.