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材料科学自本世纪三十年代以来,发展很快,至今不论在基础理论、新材料、实验技术以及加工工艺等方面的发展,都已逐渐臻于完善境地。如对晶体来说,用位错概念解释金属的塑性;新的成核理论应用于金属的相变,为热处理奠定了科学基础。认识到热塑性塑料是由长分子链所组成,彼此以弱分子力联系,并对它的弹性和破断强度有了深入的了解。通过实验确信材料性能与微观结构之间存在着定量的关系。
Since the 1930s, material science has developed rapidly. Up till now, material science has gradually attained perfection in the fields of basic theory, new materials, experimental techniques and processing technology. Such as the crystal, the concept of dislocation to explain the plasticity of the metal; new nucleation theory applied to the phase transition of metals, laid the scientific foundation for heat treatment. It is recognized that thermoplastics consist of long chains of molecules linked by weak molecular forces and have a deep understanding of its elasticity and breaking strength. Experiments confirm that there is a quantitative relationship between material properties and microstructure.