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【单元导读】先秦,指我国秦统一以前的漫长历史时期。在这一时期,继尼罗河流域文明、两河流域文明、印度河流域文明的出现,我国以农业文明为主要特征的华夏文明勃兴,使我国成为世界文明古国之一。1.物质文明(1)生产工具。夏、商、西周处于金石并用时代;西周晚期开始使用铁器,春秋时期开始出现铁农具和牛耕,战国时期铁农具使用范围扩大,把我国推进到铁器时代。(2)水利灌溉事业。在春秋战国时期,中原地区
[Unit Guide] Pre-Qin refers to the long historical period before the unification of Qin in China. During this period, following the emergence of civilizations in the Nile River Basin, the two river basins, and the Indus Rivers, the rise of the Chinese civilization with agricultural civilization as its main feature has made China one of the ancient civilizations of the world. 1. Material civilization (1) Production tools. Xia, Shang, and Xizhou were in the era of gold and stone. In the late Western Zhou Dynasty, iron tools were used. During the Spring and Autumn Period, iron farming tools and cattle cultivation began to appear. During the Warring States period, the use of iron farming tools expanded to advance China into the Iron Age. (2) Water irrigation business. During the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period, Central Plains