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慢性心力衰竭(心衰)的预防是急待解决的公众健康问题。心力衰竭是指心排血量绝对不足,不能满足机体组织一般代谢需要的病理状态,大多数情况下,心力衰竭时心排血量较正常为低时,属于低排血性心力衰竭。但少数情况下(如甲亢、贫血等)心排血量正常,甚至高于正常,属于高排血性心力衰竭。发现有心衰的高危因素的个体是心衰预防的关键步骤。高血压和冠心病是最常见的心衰危险因素,糖尿病、心脏瓣膜病、血脂异常及肾功能不全与心衰的危险性高度相关。但无论是有这些心衰危险因素的患者或已经有心脏结构异常但还无临床症状的患者,还是已经发展为有临床症状的心衰患者,都可能被忽视而不能快速诊断及适当治疗。因此,提高公众关注心衰意识将有助于正确的诊断及治疗,提高患者对心衰指南的依从性,而且更重要的是重视易导致心衰的危险因素,从而指导治疗。
Prevention of chronic heart failure (heart failure) is an urgent public health problem. Heart failure refers to the absolute lack of cardiac output, can not meet the general metabolic needs of the body tissue pathological state, in most cases, heart failure, cardiac output is lower than normal, belong to low hemorrhagic heart failure. However, a small number of cases (such as hyperthyroidism, anemia, etc.) normal cardiac output, or even higher than normal, belong to high perfusion heart failure. Individuals found to be at risk for heart failure are key steps in heart failure prevention. Hypertension and coronary heart disease are the most common risk factors for heart failure. Diabetes mellitus, valvular heart disease, dyslipidemia, and renal insufficiency are highly associated with the risk of heart failure. However, patients who have these risk factors for heart failure or those who already have cardiac structural abnormalities but no clinical symptoms or those who have developed clinical symptoms of heart failure may be overlooked and unable to rapidly diagnose and treat them properly. Therefore, raising public awareness of heart failure will help correct diagnosis and treatment, improve patient compliance with heart failure guidelines, and more importantly, focus on risk factors that can lead to heart failure and thus guide treatment.