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目的探讨被动吸烟与家养宠物对儿童哮喘及哮喘样症状的交互效应。方法采用整群随机抽样方法在广西百色市随机抽取6所小学,采用国际统一的标准问卷美国胸腔协会(ATS)调查表对所选学校的所有儿童进行有关被动吸烟、饲养宠物以及哮喘及哮喘样症状等情况调查。结果广西百色市3 473名儿童中,持续咳嗽、持续咳痰、哮喘、哮喘现患、喘鸣现患的发生率分别为11.52%(400/3 473)、6.68%(232/3 473)、7.63%(265/3 473)、2.04%(71/3 473)、4.15%(144/3 473),17.71%(615/3 473)的儿童目前家中饲养宠物,目前暴露环境烟雾的比率高达39.48%(1 371/3 473);在调整了儿童的年龄、性别、父母文化程度等混杂因素后,多因素非条件logistic回归分析表明,与既不被动吸烟又不家养宠物的儿童比较,单纯暴露被动吸烟或家养宠物可使儿童患有持续咳嗽的风险分别增高28%(OR=1.28,95%CI=0.98～1.66)和8%(OR=1.08,95%CI=0.73～1.61),而同时暴露于这2个因素使儿童患有持续咳嗽的危险性增加155%(OR=2.55,95%CI=1.85～3.51);暴露于被动吸烟和家养宠物对儿童持续咳嗽影响的交互效应有统计学意义(χ2=5.50,P=0.019),但对哮喘及其他哮喘样症状影响的交互效应均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论被动吸烟与家养宠物均可增加儿童患有哮喘及哮喘样症状的风险,且两者对儿童持续咳嗽的影响存在明显交互效应。
Objective To explore the interactive effects of passive smoking and domestic pets on asthma and asthma-like symptoms in children. Methods A cluster random sampling method was used to randomly select 6 primary schools in Baise City, Guangxi Province. All the children in the selected schools were asked to conduct passive smoking, pet raising and asthma and asthma-like tests using the internationally standardized questionnaire ATS (American Thoracic Society) questionnaire. Symptoms and other conditions investigation. Results The prevalence of persistent cough, persistent sputum, asthma, current asthma and wheezing among the 3 473 children in Baise, Guangxi were 11.52% (400/3 473) and 6.68% (232/3 473), respectively. Children currently owning pets at 7.63% (265/3 473), 2.04% (71/3 473), 4.15% (144/3 473) and 17.71% (615/3 473) currently have 39.48% exposure to environmental fumes % (1 371/3 473). After adjusting for confounding factors such as children’s age, gender, parental education, etc., multivariate non-conditional logistic regression analysis showed that compared with children who did not pass passive smoking or domesticated pets, Passive smoking or domesticated pets increased the risk of persistent cough in children by 28% (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 0.98-1.66) and 8% (OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 0.73-1.61), respectively, Exposure to these two factors increased the risk of persistent cough in children by 155% (OR = 2.55, 95% CI = 1.85-3.51); the interaction effects of exposure to passive smoking and domestic pets on children’s persistent cough were statistically significant (Χ2 = 5.50, P = 0.019), but there were no significant differences in the interaction effects between asthma and other asthma-like symptoms (P> 0.05). Conclusion Both passive smoking and domestic pets increase the risk of children suffering from asthma and asthma-like symptoms, and there is a significant interaction effect between the two on persistent cough in children.