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目的:了解贵阳市新型合成毒品滥用现况及滥用人群心理健康状况分析。方法:采用《药物滥用监测调查表(2009版)》(国家药物滥用监测中心,2010年12月)、自制的《危险相关因素调查表》、SCL-90及CSQ量表对2015年2月至2016年1月期间的贵阳市三所强制隔离机构的300名新型合成毒品滥用者进行调查,并统计分析人口学特征、新型合成毒品滥用情况、成瘾性、用药后症状、体征/行为和戒断症状,建立个人心理健康档案,分析SCL-90各因子与应对方式各因子相关性。结果:在300名滥用者中,男175名(58%),女125名(42%),平均年龄为(27.9±6.79)岁,35岁以下有257名占86%,占比最多;以未婚、无业、汉族、初中及以下学历者为主。单用ATS者185名(61.6%)、多药滥用者115名(38.4%),其中,有海洛因滥用史合用使用ATS、大麻、K粉者80名(26%)。新型合成毒品滥用者SCL-90总分及各因子分均高于中国常模,除人际关系敏感外,其余各项差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),男女两组滥用人员应对方式各因子均值比较,解决问题、自责、求助及幻想上两组对比差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。新型合成毒品滥用者应对方式的解决问题、求助、幻想、退避、合理化因子与SCL-90强迫、人际关系、抑郁等呈负相关。结论:贵阳市新型合成毒品滥用者中有近4成滥用者存在多药滥用,近1/3的新型合成毒品滥用者有海洛因滥用史。其焦虑、抑郁状况高于常模,应对方式以消极为主,心理健康水平可能与应对方式密切相关。提示要加强和尽早进行毒品滥用的干预和治疗,减少毒品滥用中多药滥用现象的发生,应加强其心理健康的教育工作。
Objective: To understand the status of abuse of new synthetic drugs in Guiyang and the analysis of psychological health status among abusers. Methods: A questionnaire of risk related factors made by the National Drug Abuse Monitoring Center (National Drug Abuse Monitoring Center, December 2010) was prepared by using “Drug Abuse Surveillance Survey (2009 Edition)”, SCL-90 and the CSQ Scale A total of 300 new synthetic drug abusers from three compulsory isolation facilities in Guiyang during January 2016 were surveyed and demographic characteristics, novel synthetic drug abuse, addiction, post-medication symptoms, signs / behaviors and precepts were analyzed statistically Discontinue symptoms, establish personal mental health files, analysis of SCL-90 factors and coping styles of various factors. Results: Of the 300 abusers, 175 (58%) were male and 125 (42%) were female, with an average age of (27.9 ± 6.79) years and 257 (35%), accounting for 86% of the total. Unmarried, unemployed, Han, junior high school and below education mainly. 185 (61.6%) were ATS and 115 (38.4%) were abused. Among them, 80 (26%) were ATS, cannabis and K powder in combination with history of heroin abuse. The scores of SCL-90 and the scores of SCL-90 in new synthetic drug abusers were higher than those in Chinese norm, except for the interpersonal sensitivity, the other differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). The coping styles of male and female were different Mean comparison, problem solving, self-blame, help-seeking and fantasy were statistically significant differences between the two groups (P <0.05, P <0.01). The coping style, help-seeking, fantasy, withdrawal and rationalization factors of new synthetic drug abusers’ coping styles are negatively correlated with SCL-90 coercion, interpersonal relationship and depression. CONCLUSIONS: Nearly 40% of abusers of new synthetic drug abusers in Guiyang City have abuse of multiple drugs, and nearly 1/3 of new drug abusers have a history of abuse of heroin. The anxiety and depression were higher than those of the norm and the coping style was negative. The mental health level may be closely related to the coping style. It is suggested that efforts should be made to step up drug abuse intervention and treatment as soon as possible to reduce the abuse of drugs in drug abuse and to strengthen their mental health education.