目的探讨原发性肝癌自发性破裂出血的临床治疗方法。方法回顾性分析上思县人民医院2006年1月至2013年2月收治的39例原发性肝癌自发性破裂出血患者的资料。结果本组39例患者中,保守治疗10例,手术治疗者29例,住院期间共死亡4例,病死率为10.3%(4/39)。结论原发性肝癌自发性破裂出血应强调个体化治疗;在患者身体状况及肝功能条件允许下,行肝切除不失为一种安全可靠、疗效显著的治疗方式。 Objective To investigate the clinical treatment of spontaneous rupture of primary liver cancer. Methods The data of 39 patients with spontaneous rupture of primary hepatocellular carcinoma treated in Shangsi County People’s Hospital from January 2006 to February 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Results Of the 39 patients in our study, 10 were conservatively treated and 29 were surgically treated. There were 4 deaths during hospitalization, with a mortality rate of 10.3% (4/39). Conclusions Spontaneous rupture of primary liver cancer should emphasize individualized treatment. Under the condition of the patient’s body and the function of liver function, hepatectomy is a safe and reliable treatment with significant curative effect.