按照马克思主义的观点,在人类历史发展进程中,资本主义代替封建主义是社会演进的一般规律。然而,为什么战后中国没能走上资本主义道路?这是史学工作者一直着力探讨的重要课题,本文拟就此问题作一些粗浅的分析。战后初期是中国现代历史上一个非常特殊的时期。这个时期,在中国的历史舞台上出现了纷繁复杂的政治局面。中国现代两大政党——国民党和共产党,经过长期抗战, According to Marxism, in the course of the historical development of mankind, capitalism replaced feudalism as the general law of social evolution. However, why post-war China failed to embark on the path of capitalism? This is an important issue that historians have been trying to explore. This paper attempts to make some superficial analyzes on this issue. The early postwar period was a very special period in the modern history of China. During this period, a complicated political situation appeared on the historical stage of China. Two major modern Chinese political parties, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, have, after a long period of fighting against Japan,