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目的:了解5岁以下儿童死亡率及其主要死亡原因,提出干预措施,以减少儿童死亡,保护儿童健康。方法:利用长治市妇幼卫生监测网络收集5岁以下儿童死亡监测报表及儿童死亡报告卡,并对上报的相关资料进行审查、核实后,汇总、统计并分析。结果:5岁以下儿童死亡率从2000年的17.17‰下降至2008年的9.80‰,其中新生儿死亡率从2000年的13.35‰下降至2008年的6.63‰;婴儿死亡率从2000年的16.51‰下降至2008年的8.45‰。死亡原因:1岁以内儿童死亡以出生窒息、早产及低出生体重、肺炎为主;1～4岁儿童死亡以意外死亡为主。结论:积极开展妇幼保健工作,有效改进产儿科医疗保健服务质量,加强新生儿窒息复苏培训,提高孕产妇系统管理率及儿童系统管理率,减少新生儿死亡是降低5岁以下儿童死亡率的有力措施。
Objectives: To understand the mortality rate and the main causes of death among children under 5 and to propose interventions to reduce child mortality and protect children’s health. Methods: Using the monitoring network of maternal and child health in Changzhi City, we collected the death monitoring report and child death report card for children under 5 years of age and reviewed and verified the relevant information submitted and summarized, analyzed and analyzed. Results: The mortality rate of children under 5 years old dropped from 17.17 ‰ in 2000 to 9.80 ‰ in 2008, of which the neonatal mortality rate dropped from 13.35 ‰ in 2000 to 6.63 ‰ in 2008; the infant mortality rate dropped from 16.51 ‰ in 2000 Dropped to 8.45 ‰ in 2008. Causes of death: 1-year-old child deaths of birth asphyxia, premature birth and low birth weight, pneumonia; 1 to 4-year-old child deaths to accidental death. Conclusion: Actively carrying out maternal and child health care work, effectively improving the quality of pediatric medical care services, strengthening neonatal asphyxia resuscitation training, improving maternal system management rate and children’s system management rate, and reducing neonatal death are powerful measures to reduce the mortality rate of children under 5 years of age Measures.