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研究目的为了控制农田杂草,加速土壤残留农药降解,生产无公害农产品是非常重要的。方法对于残效农药长期使用的地区,可以采用连续2～3年秋收浅耕、翌年春播时早浅耕晚播种或直接晚耕播种三种措施,来研究杂草的控制效果。通过取样测量作物幼根长和鲜重,分析这三种措施对土壤残留农药的削减程度。结果研究结果表明:氟乐灵在油菜田长期使用时,土壤残留农药抑制下茬青稞幼根生长,幼根较对照株缩短3.0～3.1cm/株,鲜重量减少0.19～0.20g/株;甲磺隆在青稞田长期使用时,下茬油菜幼根较对照株缩短1.9～2.0cm/株,鲜重量减少0.13～0.14g/株;秋收后及时浅耕可将落入地表的杂草种子全耙入0～10cm耕层内;翌年春播早浅耕可诱发土壤表层的杂草种子提前萌发出苗,10d后耕种,能防除40%左右的杂草株数;较正常播种期推迟10d后直接晚耕播种,可防除30%左右杂草株数;苗期或后期拔(捋)出残余杂草种子时,除草效果理想,对下茬作物幼苗生长发育及产量无任何不良影响。结论在长残效农药长期使用地区进行2～3年秋收浅耕及不同耕播期加人工锄草,能有效控制农田杂草的危害,不污染农田土壤和生活环境,且加速对土壤残留农药的降解。
Research purposes In order to control weeds in farmland and accelerate the degradation of residual pesticides in soil, it is very important to produce pollution-free agricultural products. Methods For the long-term use of residual pesticides, we can control the weeds by using two kinds of methods: shallow tillage with 2 to 3 years of autumn harvest, early sowing with late sowing or spring sowing later in spring. The root length and fresh weight of crop were measured by sampling, and the degree of reduction of pesticide residues in soil by these three measures was analyzed. Results The results showed that when trifluralin was used for a long time in rapeseed field, residual pesticides in soil inhibited the growth of young root under the continuous cropping of barley. The root length of triflumuron was 3.0 ~ 3.1cm / plant and the fresh weight decreased by 0.19 ~ 0.20g / When long-term use of sulfon-methyl in barley field, the number of young roots in the next crop was shortened by 1.9-2.0cm / plant and the fresh weight was reduced by 0.13-0.14g / plant; Harrowing into 0-10 cm soil layer; early spring planting followed by early tillage can induce weed seed germination on the surface of the soil in advance; after 10 days of cultivation, it can control about 40% of weeds; Sowing can control about 30% of weeds; when weeds or late pull out (捋) residual weed seeds, the herbicidal effect is ideal, and has no adverse effect on the growth and yield of the seedlings of the following crop. Conclusions In the long-term use area of long-residual pesticides, 2 to 3 years of early harvesting and shallow grazing and artificial weeding at different tillage days can effectively control the damage of farmland weeds, do not pollute the farmland soil and living environment, and accelerate the soil residual pesticide degradation.