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通过2a田间定位试验,研究北疆气候条件下盐地碱蓬生育规律及对盐渍土改良效果。结果表明,2011年和2012年,盐地碱蓬从播种到出苗需要16d和18d,苗期持续时间为63d和116d,开花时间为8月20日和8月24日,成熟期大约在10月20日。其地上部分灰分累积量为2 871.89kg·hm-2和3 437.63kg·hm-2,Na+累积量为1 512.96kg·hm-2和1 641.16kg·hm-2,Cl-累积量为668.27kg·hm-2和894.04kg·hm-2。其从土壤中净输出盐分为452.99kg·hm-2和2 497.63kg·hm-2,净输出Na+为1 232.33kg·hm-2和1 449.66kg·hm-2,净输出Cl-为492.79kg·hm-2和774.63kg·hm-2。在盐渍土上种植盐地碱蓬后,0~100cm土层可溶性总盐、Na+和Cl-质量分数明显降低,均以40~60cm土层降低最多。种植盐地碱蓬2a后,40~60cm土层电导率降低2.1dS·m-1,脱盐率达54.97%,脱Na+率达67.74%,脱Cl-达95.70%。
Through the field experiment in the field of 2 a, the rule of the growth of Suaeda salsa and the improvement of the saline soil under the climatic conditions in northern Xinjiang were studied. The results showed that in the year of 2011 and 2012, the soda needles need 16d and 18d from seeding to emergence, the seedling duration is 63d and 116d, the flowering time is August 20 and August 24, and the maturity is about October 20 days. The accumulative amounts of aboveground ash were 2 871.89kg · hm-2 and 3 437.63kg · hm-2, the accumulative amounts of Na + were 1 512.96kg · hm-2 and 1 641.16kg · hm-2, respectively, and the cumulated amount of Cl- was 668.27kg · Hm-2 and 894.04 kg · hm-2. The net output of salt from the soil was 452.99kg · hm-2 and 2 497.63kg · hm-2, the net output of Na + was 1 232.33kg · hm-2 and 1 449.66kg · hm-2 respectively. The net output of Cl- was 492.79kg · Hm-2 and 774.63 kg · hm-2. After the planting of Suaeda salsa on saline soils, the total soluble salts, Na + and Cl- in 0-100 cm soil layer decreased significantly, both of which decreased most in 40-60 cm soil layer. After the planting of S. salsa 2a, the conductivity of soil layer decreased by 2.1 dS · m-1 in the depth of 40-60 cm, the rate of desalination reached 54.97%, the rate of Na + removal reached 67.74% and the rate of dechlorination reached 95.70%.