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越来越多的证据支持特定的微生物与自身免疫性疾病的发生相关。在某些情况下，自身免疫性疾病是在明确感染后发病的，因此感染性病原体常常成为免疫性疾病的关键致病因素，但相关机制不清。研究发现微生物可以通过分子模拟触发免疫系统错误识别自身组织从而诱发自身免疫应答，因此本文主要就病原微生物的分子模拟机制在机体各系统自身免疫性疾病中的研究做一综述，以期为深入理解病原微生物的分子模拟在自身免疫性疾病发病中的作用提供参考，为探索自身免疫性疾病的预防和治疗策略提供新方向。“,”Increasing evidence suggests that specific pathogens are associated with the incidence of autoimmune diseases. In some cases, autoimmune diseases develop after infection, which indicates that infectious pathogens might be the key factor of autoimmune diseases, but the relevant mechanisms remain unclear. Studies have found that the molecular mimicry of pathogens can induce autoimmune responses against the body′s own tissues. This review summarized the recent progress in the molecular mimicry of pathogens in autoimmune diseases in order to provide reference for better understanding its role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and to provide a new sight for investigating strategies for the prevention and treatment of autoimmune diseases.