贝卡利亚是人类历史上第一个正式质疑死刑合法性的人。在《论犯罪与刑罚》中,他剖析了死刑的弊端,开启了人类向苛酷刑罚宣战的序幕。1764年7月16日,一本未署名的书籍《论犯罪与刑罚》在意大利西岸港口城市里窝那的奥伯特出版社付印成册。该书的作者切萨雷·贝卡利亚那时并未意识到,此书会开启人类向苛酷刑罚宣战的序幕。 Beccaria was the first person in human history to formally question the legality of the death penalty. In “On Crime and Penalty,” he analyzed the shortcomings of the death penalty and opened the prelude to the declaration of war by mankind to harsh punishment. On July 16, 1764, an undisclosed book, “On Crime and Penalty,” was printed and printed in Auburn Press, in the port city of Livorno, in the Italian West Bank. Cesare Beccaria, the author of the book, did not realize then that the book would open the curtain on mankind’s declaration of war on harsh punishment.