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声发射(acoustic emission,简称AE)的事件数大小和源分布特征是岩石损伤演化过程的直接表征和反映,在岩土工程灾害预测与结构破坏监测中应用前景广泛。本文系统介绍了声发射的概念、研究简况和表征参数,及目前在基础试验与数值模拟、影响因素、损伤模式和工程应用等方面的研究进展。指出在岩石声发射机理、理论研究、试验标准制定等方面均需进一步深入研究,特别是声发射的基础试验和现场预警研究需特别加强,主要包括以下几点:三轴压缩、实时高温加载等复杂条件下岩石声发射定位研究;岩石损伤变形全过程(包括峰后)的声发射时空演化特征;不同损伤模式下的岩石声发射源特征及机理;基于声发射特征的岩石损伤演化规律;基于声发射时空演化特征的岩石失稳前兆识别等。
The number and distribution of acoustic emission (AE) events are the direct characterizations and reflections of rock damage evolution. They are widely used in geotechnical disaster prediction and structural damage monitoring. This paper systematically introduces the concept of acoustic emission, research profiles and characterization parameters, as well as the current research progress in basic tests and numerical simulation, influencing factors, damage modes and engineering applications. It is pointed out that further research on rock acoustic emission mechanism, theoretical research and test standard development are needed. In particular, basic research on acoustic emission and on-site early warning research need to be especially strengthened, including the following: triaxial compression, real-time high temperature loading Rock acoustic emission location under complex conditions; spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of acoustic emission over the whole rock deformation process (including post-peak); rock acoustic emission source characteristics and mechanism under different damage modes; rock damage evolution based on acoustic emission characteristics; Rock ebb and flow characteristics of acoustic emission rock instability precursor identification and so on.