埃蒂安·巴利巴尔认为,马克思的哲学实现了对从前哲学的革命,建立了一种作为“反哲学”的哲学。马克思批判哲学,但并不意味着马克思主义理论是“非哲学”。马克思实现了哲学给实践让位,因此,马克思的哲学确立了“主体即实践”的哲学。这一哲学被巴利巴尔概括为建立在人的类本质基础上的“关系的本体论”。 Etienne Baribal argues that Marx’s philosophy achieved a revolution in the former philosophy and established a philosophy as “anti-philosophy.” Marx’s critical philosophy does not mean that Marxist theory is “non-philosophy ”. Marx realized that philosophy gave way to practice. Therefore, Marx’s philosophy established the philosophy of “subject is practice.” This philosophy is summarized by Baribal as “the ontology of relations” based on the essence of human beings.