明中后期,士人城市交游活动日益频繁,成为一种独特的文化现象。一般认为,这是科举制度下士人另辟生路的途径,是对科举价值的反抗,与此同时,士人们通过交游进入一个艺林场域,从而获得文化资本与身份认同。本文指出,“士人群体”是由庇主与门客两个阶层构成的,划分阶层的标准正是功名与官职。城市交游非但不能抗衡科举价值,反而强化了功名意识。艺林场域不产生内生权力,对于门客而言,交游中建立的声名与人际网络难以推动个人社会身份上行流动。身处社交网络中的底层士人往往被紧张、矛盾的心态所折磨,难以自处。 In the mid-Ming and the late Ming dynasties, scholar-city exchanges became more and more frequent and became a unique cultural phenomenon. It is generally believed that this is a way for the scholars to find alternative ways under the imperial civil examinations. This is a resistance to the value of the imperial examination. At the same time, the masters gain access to cultural capital and identity by entering into a Yulin forest field. This article points out that “scholar group ” is formed by the two classes of blessing the Lord and the doorkeeper, the standard of classifying is the fame and the official post. Instead of conquering the value of imperial examination, city friendship has strengthened the sense of fame. Yilin field does not produce endogenous power, for the doorkeeper, traffic established in the fame and personal network is difficult to promote personal social status uplink. The grassroots scholars who live in social networks are often tortured by tension and contradictory mentality, making it hard to find their way.