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(一)概说: 1.受体学说的提出:1878年Langley研究阿托品与匹罗卡品二药的对抗作用时,提出可能存在“接受物质”。他沿着Ehrlich氏的侧链学说的想法,认为受纳性物质就是分子中没有结合的侧链(现知为酶分子的侧链)。 1906年Dale观察到肾上腺素对不同器官有不同作用,甚至有相反的作用。同年Langley氏发现交感神经兴奋时其末梢分泌肾上腺素(现知为去甲肾上腺素),亦即交感神经的兴奋性介质(由神经末梢分泌的化学性物质能引起效应细胞的兴奋)是肾上腺素(现知为去甲肾上腺素);如果预先用麦角胺处理,则产生“肾上腺素效应的反转”(即肾上腺素的升高血压作用变成了降低血压的作用)。为了解释这种现象,就提出了受体(Receptor)学说,这就是受体学说的渊源。
(A) of the general: 1. Receptor theory put forward: 1878 Langley study atropine and pilocarone two drug antagonism, the proposed existence of “accepted material.” Following his side-chain doctrine, Ehrlich’s theory holds that acceptor substances are unbound side chains (now known as side chains of enzyme molecules) in molecules. In 1906 Dale observed that epinephrine had different effects on different organs and even had the opposite effect. In the same year, Langley’s discovery of sympathetic nerve excitability involves the secretion of epinephrine (now known as norepinephrine) at the distal extremities, ie the sympathetic excitatory mediators (chemotactic substances secreted by the nerve endings triggering the excitement of effector cells) are epinephrine (Now known as norepinephrine); if pretreated with ergotamine, there is a “reversal of the adrenaline effect” (ie, the effect of epinephrine on blood pressure becomes a hypotensive effect). In order to explain this phenomenon, we put forward the theory of Receptor, which is the origin of receptor theory.