论文部分内容阅读
在经济法学界,公共物品是市场失灵的原因之一。私人物品由市场提供、公共物品由国家提供似乎已经成为共识。“公共物品”一词来自经济学界,最早由萨缪尔森在《公共支出理论》和《图解公共支出理论》中提出。他认为,公共物品有两个核心特征:“非排他性”与“非竞争性”。非排他性是指人们不付出对价也可以享受该物品所带来的利益;而非竞争性是指一个人对该物品的消费不会影响他人的消费。①一般认为,公共物品虽然为人们所需要,但是其上
In economic law, public goods are one of the causes of market failure. Private goods provided by the market, public goods provided by the state seems to have become a consensus. The term “public goods” came from economists and was first proposed by Samuelson in Public Expenditure Theories and Illustrated Public Expenditure Theory. He believes that public goods have two core characteristics: “non-exclusive ” and “non-competitive ”. Non-exclusive refers to people can enjoy the benefits of the goods without paying the price; and non-competitive means that a person’s consumption of the goods will not affect the consumption of others. It is generally believed that although public goods are needed by people, they are not