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为了探求黑土区坡耕地水土流失的有效防治措施,以吉林省伊通县毯子房小流域为典型试验研究区,采用野外观测与室内实验相结合的方法,对留茬、轮作和秸秆还田3种不同耕作措施下黑土区坡耕地的水土保持效益进行研究与分析。结果表明:1)对照处理产生径流量和泥沙量最大,秸秆还田产生侵蚀量最小,留茬、轮作和秸秆还田比对照处理径流量减少36.4%～66.7%,泥沙量减少75.2%～86.4%;2)与对照相比,留茬、轮作和秸秆还田3种不同措施下冲刷泥沙中土壤有机质质量分数分别减少56.6%,62.8%和81.4%,全氮质量分数分别减少53.3%,60.0%和80.0%,全磷质量分数减少38.5%,61.5%和84.6%,且不同处理下3种土壤养分流失总量均比对照减少85%以上。
In order to explore effective measures for soil and water conservation on sloping farmland in black soil area, a case study was conducted in the blanket of Xiaowizafang, Yitong County, Jilin Province. The combination of field observation and laboratory experiment was used to study the effects of stubble, crop rotation and straw recovery 3 Study and Analysis on Soil and Water Conservation Benefits of Slope Cropland in Black Soil Region under Different Tillage Practices. The results showed that: 1) the runoff and sediment yield of the control treatment was the highest, and the straw erosion was the least. The runoff of stubble, crop rotation and straw returning were reduced by 36.4% ~ 66.7% and sediment amount decreased by 75.2% ~ 86.4% .2) Compared with the control, the mass fraction of soil organic matter in scouring sediment decreased 56.6%, 62.8% and 81.4% respectively under the three different measures of stubble, rotation and straw returning, and the total nitrogen content decreased by 53.3% %, 60.0% and 80.0% respectively. The total phosphorus decreased by 38.5%, 61.5% and 84.6%, respectively, and the total amount of nutrient loss in three kinds of soil decreased by more than 85% compared with the control.