“一院两制”是近年来社会福利体制改革中出现的一件新事,是各地福利院在艰难发展中创出的一条新路,是“社会福利社会办”的一种尝试。它的产生不仅具有坚实的理论基础,而且扎根于现实需要土壤。在众说不一的“一院两制”强劲发展之时,本文试作一点理论上的探讨。笔者对这一问题的认识观感于武汉市各福利院的可喜变化,深化于对佛山市10余所福利院发展展露出勃勃生机的认识。 一、“一院两制”的理论基础 什么是“一院两制”?就是在一个福利院内收养两种老人,实行两种运行机制。一种是公费供养的福利对象,一种是自费寄养的社会老人;在一院中有两种运行机制,一是福利机制,面向“三无”对象,二是市场机制,面向有困难需求的社会对象。简单地说,“一院两制”是在坚持福利属性基础上,引入市场机制,收养社会上有困难的自费老人的福利院。“一院两制”的出现不是人的主观意志的产物,而是建立在坚实的理论基础上的。 “One hospital, two systems” is a new event that has emerged in the social welfare system reform in recent years. It is a new road created by the welfare institutes in difficult development in various places and an attempt of “social welfare society”. Its production not only has a solid theoretical foundation, but also roots in the reality needs soil. At a time when the so-called “one hospital, two systems” have been developed strongly, this article attempts to make some theoretical discussions. The author’s understanding of this issue is reflected in the gratifying changes of various welfare institutes in Wuhan City, deepening his knowledge of the vitality of the development of more than 10 welfare institutions in Foshan City. I. The Theoretical Basis of “One Institute, Two Systems” What is “one hospital, two systems”? It is to adopt two kinds of operation mechanism in one welfare center. One kind is the object of public welfare welfare and the other is the social old people foster care at their own expense. There are two operating mechanisms in a hospital. One is the welfare mechanism, which is aimed at the “three noes” and the second is the market mechanism. Social object To put it simply, “one hospital, two systems” refers to the introduction of a market mechanism based on the welfare attributes and the adoption of welfare homes for self-financing elderly people who have difficulties in society. The emergence of “one hospital, two systems” is not a product of the subjective will of the people but is based on a solid theoretical foundation.